Walgreen Integrating a Clinical Pharmacist into Value-Based Primary Care
The study evaluates how embedding ambulatory care pharmacists in value-based primary care can support chronic disease management and care quality.
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FastHSR resource note with source citation.
Study methods
- Design: cohort study.
- Intervention: pharmacist prescribing and titration under a collaborative drug therapy management agreement.
- Setting: value-based primary care clinic network with retail pharmacy-supported staffing.
- Population: HTN cohort (n=43) and T2DM cohort (n=125).
- Primary outcomes: pre/post changes in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and hemoglobin A1c.
- Analytic approach: difference-in-differences comparison versus matched controls.
Key findings
- HTN cohort: difference-in-differences estimate for systolic BP was -10.2 mmHg (P < .01).
- HTN cohort: difference-in-differences estimate for diastolic BP was -2.0 mmHg (P = .42).
- T2DM cohort: difference-in-differences estimate for A1c was -1.16% (P < .001).
Method interpretation
The quasi-experimental design improves practical relevance and supports implementation planning. As with most cohort analyses, residual confounding is possible, but the matched-control framework provides a credible signal for real-world value-based primary care operations.
Source citation
Blood AJ, Yao A, et al. Integrating Ambulatory Care Pharmacists Into Value-Based Primary Care: A Scalable Solution to Chronic Disease. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health. 2025. doi:10.1177/21501319241312041.
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